diff --git a/base64.c b/base64.c
index 5162e8a..fac4c9b 100644
--- a/base64.c
+++ b/base64.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ This is derived from the libb64 project, which has been placed in the public dom
 For details, see http://sourceforge.net/projects/libb64
 */
 
+#include <string.h>
 #include "base64.h"
 
 int base64_decode_value(char value_in)
@@ -211,4 +212,25 @@ void base64_decode_oneshot(char* input, int input_len, char* output){
 
 	base64_init_decodestate(&s);
 	base64_decode_block(input, input_len, output, &s);
+}
+
+// Provides the length of the binary you would get if you decoded base64 string b64, accounting for padding
+int base64_binlength(char* b64){
+	int length, padding;
+	length = strlen(b64);
+
+	if(length % 4 != 0) return -1; // return -1 if length is not divisible by four (i.e. if invalid base64)
+
+	// somewhat messy way to determine how many bytes of padding are at the end of a base64 string
+	if(b64[length - 1] == '=' && b64[length - 2] == '=' && b64[length - 3] == '='){padding = 3;}
+	else if(b64[length - 1] == '=' && b64[length - 2] == '='){padding = 2;}
+	else if(b64[length - 1] == '='){padding = 1;}
+	else{padding = 0;}
+
+	return(((length / 4) * 3) - padding);
+}
+
+// Provides the base64 length of a binary of length binlength bytes
+int base64_base64length(int binlength){
+	return(((binlength + 2) / 3) * 4);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/base64.h b/base64.h
index 4f66413..f8bdd8e 100644
--- a/base64.h
+++ b/base64.h
@@ -48,5 +48,7 @@ int base64_encode_blockend(char* code_out, base64_encodestate* state_in);
 
 void base64_encode_oneshot(char* input, int input_len, char* output);
 void base64_decode_oneshot(char* input, int input_len, char* output);
+int base64_binlength(char* b64);
+int base64_base64length(int binlength);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ctm.c b/ctm.c
index c773fd0..872d7ef 100644
--- a/ctm.c
+++ b/ctm.c
@@ -35,12 +35,16 @@ void print_help(char* name){
     printf("%s ireq [targ] [id] [factor] - interactively generate a Token Request Code for target [targ] using a set Token ID [id] and Blinding Factor [factor]\n", name);
     printf("%s sign [targ] [req] - generate a signature for Token Request Code [req], on target [targ]\n", name);
     printf("%s bsign [targ] - bulk-sign token requests, accepting Token Request Codes on stdin and outputting signatures to stdout\n", name);
+    printf("%s verify [targ] [token] - verify token [token] against target [targ], as base64 - returns 0 on verified\n", name);
+    printf("%s bverify [targ] - bulk-verify tokens against target [targ], accepting base64 tokens on stdin and outputting 0 (verified) or 1 to stdout\n", name);
+    printf("%s inspect [targ] [token] - inpect a token [token] for target [targ], to see its token ID and signature\n", name);
+    printf("%s shorten [targ] [token] - shorten a token [token] for target [targ], generating a symmetrically-verifiable short token\n", name);
 }
 
 int get_targ_path(char* target, char** targ_path){
     int path_len;
 
-    path_len = strlen(token_path) + strlen(target) + 17;
+    path_len = strlen(token_path) + strlen(target) + 17; //string length of "/targets/", ".target", and null terminator
 
     *targ_path = malloc(path_len);
     if(*targ_path == NULL) return 1;
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ int get_targ_path(char* target, char** targ_path){
     return 0;
 }
 
-int get_target(char* targ_name, fstoken_target_descriptor* target){ // pk/sk/idbits/hasbits pointers can be NULL if you don't want to read those
+int get_target(char* targ_name, fstoken_target_descriptor* target){
     FILE *targ_file;
     char *targ_path;
 
@@ -81,6 +85,154 @@ int get_fixed_length(char* dest, size_t dest_size){
     return 0;
 }
 
+int decode_base64_token(fstoken_target_descriptor* target, fstoken_token* token, char* token_b64){
+    int token_length, target_token_length;
+
+    target_token_length = fstoken_target_token_length(target);
+    token_length = base64_binlength(token_b64);
+
+    if(token_length == -1){
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid base64 provided\n");
+        return 3; // should be an enum
+    }
+
+    if(token_length != target_token_length){
+        fprintf(stderr, "Provided token (%i bytes) of incorrect length for specified target (%i bytes).\n", token_length, target_token_length);
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    base64_decode_oneshot(token_b64, strlen(token_b64), (char*) token);
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int inspect_token(char* targ_name, char* token_b64){
+    fstoken_target_descriptor target;
+    fstoken_token token;
+    int targ_idbytes;
+
+    if(!get_target(targ_name, &target)){
+        printf("Invalid target %s\n", targ_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if(decode_base64_token(&target, &token, token_b64)){
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if(fstoken_verify_token(&token, &target) == 0){
+        printf("Token is valid for target %s.\n", targ_name);
+    }else{
+        printf("Token is not valid for target!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    targ_idbytes = (target.idbits + 7) / 8;
+
+    printf("\n");
+    print_bytes("Signature (hex): ", token.signature, 48, ' ');
+    printf("Signature (base64): ");
+    print_base64(token.signature, 48);
+    printf("\n");
+    print_bytes("Token ID (hex): ", token.token_id, targ_idbytes, ' ');
+    printf("Token ID (base64): ");
+    print_base64(token.token_id, targ_idbytes);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Receives tokens on stdin and provides 0 (valid), 1 (invalid), or 2/3/4 (various bad input) to stdout, with additional messages on stderr in case of error
+int verify_bulk(char* targ_name){
+    char token_b64[((((HASHBYTES_MAX + IDBYTES_MAX) + 2) / 3) * 4) + 2]; // maximum possible base64 length + 2 characters for get_fixed_length
+    fstoken_target_descriptor target;
+    fstoken_token token;
+    int target_token_b64_length, result;
+
+    if(!get_target(targ_name, &target)){
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid target %s\n", targ_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    target_token_b64_length = base64_base64length(fstoken_target_token_length(&target));
+
+    printf("Target token length %i\n", target_token_b64_length);
+
+    while(1){
+        if(get_fixed_length(token_b64, target_token_b64_length + 2)){ // +2 because of get_fixed_length, I should probably change that to be not stupid
+            printf("2");
+            fprintf(stderr, "Provided token base64 incorrect length for target (should be %i characters).\n", target_token_b64_length);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        result = decode_base64_token(&target, &token, token_b64);
+
+        if(result){
+            printf("%i", result);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if(fstoken_verify_token(&token, &target) == 0){
+            printf("0");
+        }else{
+            printf("1");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int verify_single(char* targ_name, char* token_b64){
+    fstoken_target_descriptor target;
+    fstoken_token token;
+
+    if(!get_target(targ_name, &target)){
+        printf("Invalid target %s\n", targ_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    decode_base64_token(&target, &token, token_b64);
+
+    if(fstoken_verify_token(&token, &target) == 0){
+        printf("Verified!\n");
+        return 0;
+    }else{
+        printf("Not verified!\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+int sign_bulk(char* targ_name){
+    char req_b64[66];
+    fstoken_request req;
+    fstoken_target_descriptor targ;
+    fstoken_signature sig;
+
+    if(get_target(targ_name, &targ) != 2){
+        printf("Target or private key unavailable. Are you sure you have a private key for this target?\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "Bulk signing started. Enter token requests\n");
+
+    while(1){
+        if(get_fixed_length(req_b64, sizeof(req_b64))){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid request length\n");
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        base64_decode_oneshot((char*) req_b64, 64, (char*) req.id_blind);
+        
+        //debug_print_bytes("Signature hex: ", req.id_blind, 48);
+
+        if(fstoken_sign_request(&req, &sig, &targ)){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Signing failed. Is the token request valid?\n");
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        print_base64(sig.signature, 48);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 int sign_single(char* targ_name, char* req_b64){
     fstoken_request req;
     fstoken_target_descriptor targ;
@@ -105,6 +257,19 @@ int sign_single(char* targ_name, char* req_b64){
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*int verify_token(char* targ_name, byte* token_bytes){
+    fstoken_target_descriptor target;
+    fstoken_token token;
+    int token_length;
+
+    if(!get_target(targ_name, &target)){
+        printf("Invalid target %s\n", targ_name);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    //base64_decode_oneshot(token_bytes, )
+}*/
+
 int interactive_request(char* targ_name, byte* token_id, byte* blinding_factor){
     fstoken_request req;
     fstoken_request_descriptor reqdesc;
@@ -150,6 +315,20 @@ int interactive_request(char* targ_name, byte* token_id, byte* blinding_factor){
     printf("\nToken: ");
     print_base64(&token, token_length);
 
+    //token.token_id[3] = '\0';
+
+    switch(fstoken_verify_token(&token, &target)){
+        case 0:
+            printf("Verified!\n");
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            printf("Signature does not match Token ID for target. Did the signer sign for the wrong target or sign the wrong request?\n");
+            return 1;
+        case 2:
+            printf("Invalid signature (not in G1 group - either something has gone very wrong or the signer is attempting to do something malicious)\n");
+            return 1;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -500,6 +679,44 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
             return 1;
         }
 
-        sign_single(argv[2], argv[3]);
+        return sign_single(argv[2], argv[3]);
+    }else if(strcmp(argv[1], "bsign") == 0){
+        if(argc != 3){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Please provide a target [targ]. See help.\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return sign_bulk(argv[2]);
+    }else if(strcmp(argv[1], "verify") == 0){
+        if(argc != 4){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Please provide a target [targ] and a token [token]. See help.\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if(strlen(argv[3]) < 68){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Token must be at least 49 bytes (68 base64 characters).\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return(verify_single(argv[2], argv[3]));
+    }else if(strcmp(argv[1], "bverify") == 0){
+        if(argc != 3){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Please provide a target [targ]. See help.\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        verify_bulk(argv[2]);
+    }else if(strcmp(argv[1], "inspect") == 0){
+        if(argc != 4){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Please provide a target [targ] and a token [token]. See help.\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if(strlen(argv[3]) < 68){
+            fprintf(stderr, "Token must be at least 49 bytes (68 base64 characters).\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        return(inspect_token(argv[2], argv[3]));
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugprint.c b/debugprint.c
index 8f1be37..c36d9ff 100644
--- a/debugprint.c
+++ b/debugprint.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ void print_base64(void *toprint, int input_len){
     buffer_size = (((input_len + 2) / 3) * 4) + 1;
 
     output = malloc(buffer_size); //create a buffer large enough for the base64'd input, including with padding if need be
+    if(output == NULL) return;
 
     base64_encode_oneshot(toprint, input_len, output);
     printf("%s\n", output);
diff --git a/fstoken.c b/fstoken.c
index 626e590..91ecbf2 100644
--- a/fstoken.c
+++ b/fstoken.c
@@ -117,6 +117,26 @@ int fstoken_gen_token(fstoken_request_descriptor* req, fstoken_signature* sig, f
     return 0;
 }
 
+// 0 = valid token, 1 = signature check failed, 2 = signature point invalid
+int fstoken_verify_token(fstoken_token* token, fstoken_target_descriptor* targ){
+    int targ_idbytes;
+    blst_p1_affine sig;
+    blst_p2_affine pk;
+
+    blst_p1_uncompress(&sig, token->signature);
+    blst_p2_uncompress(&pk, targ->pk);
+
+    BLST_ERROR returned;
+
+    if(!blst_p1_affine_in_g1(&sig)) return 2;
+
+    targ_idbytes = (targ->idbits + 7) / 8;
+
+    returned = blst_core_verify_pk_in_g2(&pk, &sig, 1, token->token_id, targ_idbytes, FSTOKEN_DST, strlen((char *) FSTOKEN_DST), targ->pk, 96);
+
+    return (returned != BLST_SUCCESS);
+}
+
 void bit_truncated_copy(byte* src, byte* dest, size_t destlen, int bits){
     uint8_t bitmask;
     int bytes;
@@ -130,4 +150,9 @@ void bit_truncated_copy(byte* src, byte* dest, size_t destlen, int bits){
     bitmask = 0xFF >> (bits % 8);
     //printf("mask: 0x%0x\n", bitmask);
     dest[bytes - 1] = dest[bytes - 1] & bitmask;
+}
+
+// Helper function to get the length (in bytes) of an (unshortened) token for the target
+int fstoken_target_token_length(fstoken_target_descriptor* target){
+    return 48 + (target->idbits + 7) / 8;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/fstoken.h b/fstoken.h
index a888ba3..536a747 100644
--- a/fstoken.h
+++ b/fstoken.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 // This avoids wasting network capacity on padding, and avoids the performance impact of reordering on most modern platforms (most importantly x86 and RISC-V)
 // while ensuring compatibility with strict-alignment architectures. Take note: This is NOT typical network-order!
 
-// Additionally, note that most structs do not explicitly include what target they are for (even the target descriptor!). Keeping what is for what target is
+// Additionally, note that most structs do not explicitly include what target they are for (even the target descriptor!). Tracking what is for what target is
 // not a core part of fstoken, and is the responsibility of the software using fstoken (e.g. ctm or an implementation of fsp). This keeps tokens light in
 // situations where which target is relevant is unambiguous (e.g. in the session setup with a satellite, where the satellite is always the same target).
 
@@ -70,11 +70,21 @@ typedef struct{
     byte token_id[IDBYTES_MAX];
 } fstoken_token;
 
+typedef struct{
+    #pragma scalar_storage_order little-endian
+
+    byte hash[HASHBYTES_MAX];
+    byte token_id[IDBYTES_MAX];
+} fstoken_short_token;
+
 void fstoken_keygen(byte* ikm, byte* sk_byte, byte* pk_byte);
 void fstoken_get_pk_from_sk(byte* sk_byte, byte* pk_byte);
 void bit_truncated_copy(byte* src, byte* dest, size_t destlen, int bits);
 void fstoken_gen_request(fstoken_request* req, fstoken_request_descriptor* reqdesc, fstoken_target_descriptor* target, byte* token_id, byte* blinding_factor);
 int fstoken_sign_request(fstoken_request* req, fstoken_signature* sig, fstoken_target_descriptor* targ);
 int fstoken_gen_token(fstoken_request_descriptor* req, fstoken_signature* sig, fstoken_token* token);
+int fstoken_verify_token(fstoken_token* token, fstoken_target_descriptor* targ);
+int fstoken_shorten_token(fstoken_token* token, fstoken_short_token short_token);
+int fstoken_target_token_length(fstoken_target_descriptor* target);
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file